This application note addresses key questions in development and formulation of GLP-1 analogues such as liraglutide and semaglutide. It explores which oligomeric states are present and how the composition changes under different formulation conditions. Additionally, it investigates the presence of aggregates and how pH and ionic strength impact their formation. To answer all of these questions, multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) was used to identify, quantify, and characterize the monomeric, oligomeric, and aggregate states of GLP-1 analogs under native and denaturing conditions.
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